g]kfn /fi6« a}+s
s]Gb|Lo
sfof{no
cfly{s jif{
@)&#÷&$ sf] df}lb|s gLlt
-;f/f+z_
k[i7e"ld
1. cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# df d'n'ssf] ;dli6ut cfly{s :yfloTjsf
k|d'v ;"rsx? lgoGq0fleq /x]tfklg ;du| cfly{s ultljlw cg's"n /xg ;s]g
. ;Ldf gfsf cj/f]w / cfk"lt{ Joj:yfdf cfPsf] c;xhtfsf sf/0f k'FhLut vr{ Pjd\
lghL If]qsf] cfly{s ultljlw ;+s'lrt x'g'sf ;fy} df};d k|lts"n /x]sf]n]
s[lif If]q ;d]t ck]lIft ?kdf lj:tf/ x'g ;s]g . kmn:j?k, cfly{s jif{
@)&@÷&# df d'n'ssf] ;du| cfly{s j[l4b/ Go"g /xg] b]lvPsf] 5 .
2. ljZj ahf/df k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ Pjd\ wft'hGo j:t'sf] d"Nodf
cfPsf] lu/fj6 tyf l5d]sL d'n'sx?df /x]sf] Go"g d"Noj[l4sf] nfe ;Ldf
gfsf cj/f]w nufotsf sf/0f g]kfnn] lng ;s]g . kl/0ffd:j?k, d'b|f:kmLlt nlIft
:t/eGbf s]xL dfly /xg uof] .
3. ck]lIft ?kdf shf{sf] dfu a9\g g;Sbf ;dLIff jif{sf] ;'?b]lv g}
a}+lsª If]qdf clws t/ntfsf] l:ylt /Xof] . tyflk, v'nfahf/ sf/f]af/nfO{ yk
lqmofzLn agfOPsf]n] kl5Nnf] ;dodf clws t/ntf Joj:yfkg x'Fb} uPsf] 5 .
4. l5d]sL d'n's ef/t tyf rLgsf] cfly{s
j[l4sf] cj:yf, ljZjsf] Go"g cfly{s j[l4, pbLodfg d'n'sx?sf] ljQLo l:ylt,
dWok"j{ Pjd\ clk|msfaf6 ;[lht o'/f]ksf] cfk|jf;L ;d:of tyf a]nfotsf] hgdt
;+u|xn] o'/f]k]nL o'lgogaf6 cnu x'g u/]sf] lg0f{o nufotsf] cGt/f{li6«o
k[i7e"ld tyf ;/sf/L ljQ gLlt, e"sDk kl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / ljk|]if0f
cfk|jfxsf] 36\bf] j[l4b/ h:tf cfGtl/s kl/b[ZonfO{ b[li6ut u/L cfly{s jif{
@)&#÷&$ sf] df}lb|s gLlt th'{df ul/Psf] 5 .
cGt/f{li6«o
cfly{s kl/b[Zo
5. cGt/f{li6«o d'b|f sf]ifn] ljZj cy{tGqsf] j[l4b/ ;g\ @)!^ df #=@
k|ltzt / ;g\ @)!& df #=% k|ltzt /xg] cg'dfg u/]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!^ df ljsl;t
d'n'sx?sf] cy{tGq !=( k|ltztn] / ljsf;zLn tyf pbLodfg d'n'sx?sf] cy{tGq $=!
k|ltztn] j[l4 x'g] sf]ifsf] k|If]k0f 5 . To;}u/L, ;g\ @)!^ df ef/t tyf rLgsf]
cfly{s j[l4b/ qmdzM &=% k|ltzt / ^=% k|ltzt /xg] sf]ifn] hgfPsf] 5 .
6. ;g\ @))* sf] ljQLo ;+s6kZrft\ ljsl;t
d'n'ssf s]Gb|Lo a}+sx?n] cjnDag ub}{ cfPsf] df}lb|s gLltsf] u}/–k/Dk/fjfbL]
c8fgdf s]xL kl/jt{g b]lvPsf] 5 . cd]l/sL km]8]/n l/he{n] ;g\ @)!% l8;]Da/df
km]8]/n km08 /]6sf] 6fu]{6 /]GhnfO{ )=@% k|ltzt ljGb'n] j[l4 u/L df}lb|s
gLltnfO{ ;fdfGoLs/0f ub}{ n}hfg] ;Í]t u/]sf] 5 eg] Hffkfg tyf :jL6\h/Nof08 h:tf
d'n['sx?n] C0ffTds Aofhb/ gLlt cjnDag u/]sf 5g\ .
cfly{s
l:yltsf] ;dLIff
7. cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# Dff s'n
ufx{:Yo pTkfbg j[l4b/ nlIft ^ k|ltzteGbf cToGt Go"g )=^ k|ltzt -pTkfbssf]
d"Nodf_ /xg] cg'dfg 5 . h;dWo] s[lif If]qsf] j[l4b/ !=# k|ltzt / u}/–s[lif
If]qsf] j[l4b/ )=^ k|ltzt /xg] cg'dfg 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷&@ df s'n
ufx{:Yo pTkfbg j[l4b/ @=& k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .
2
8. cfly{s jif{
@)&@÷&# df jflif{s cf};t d'b|f:kmLlt b/ *=% k|ltzt /xg] k|If]k0f lyof]
. ;Ldf gfsf ;[lht cfk"lt{ Jojwfgsf sf/0f rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] P3f/ dlxgfdf
cf};t pkef]Qmf d'b|f:kmLlt b/ (=( k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{ o:tf]
d'b|f:kmLlt b/ &=@ k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .
9. cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# df k'FhLut vr{ ?= @)( ca{ / rfn' vr{
?= $*$ ca{ /xg] cg'dfg ul/Psf]df @)&# c;f/ @$ ut];Dd k'FhLut vr{ ##=@
k|ltzt / rfn" vr{ ^%=! k|ltzt ePsf] 5 . @)&# c;f/ @$ ut];Dd ;/sf/sf]
/fh:j ;+sng ?= $#$ ca{ @& s/f]8 cyf{t\ nIo ?= $&% ca{sf] (!=$ k|ltzt
k'u]sf] 5 .
10. cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# df ?= *& ca{ && s/f]8
cfGtl/s C0f kl/rfng ePsf] 5 eg] ?= %) ca{ $) s/f]8 cfGtl/s C0f e'QmfgLsf]
Joj:yf 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# sf] cflvl/;Dd ;/sf/sf] s'n ltg{ afFsL
cfGtl/s C0f ?= @#$ ca{ !% s/f]8 /xg] b]lvG5 .
11. cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# sf] P3f/ dlxgf;Dddf ?= !&! ca{ !%
s/f]8 zf]wgfGt/ art tyf ?= !)@! ca{ &$ s/f]8 ljb]zL ljlgdo ;+lrlt sfod
/x]sf] 5 . xfn a}lsª If]q;Fu /x]sf] ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rlt sl/a !^=* dlxgfsf]
j:t' cfoft / sl/a !$=# dlxgfsf] j:t' tyf ;]jf cfoft wfGg kof{Kt 5 .
12. @)&@ c;f/ d;fGtsf] t'ngfdf
@)&# c;f/ @( ut] g]kfnL ?k}ofF cd]l/sL 8n/;Fu %=^ k|ltztn] cjd"Nog
ePsf] 5 .
df}lb|s
tyf ljQLo l:yltsf] ;dLIff
df}lb|s
l:ylt
13. cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# sf] df}lb|s gLltn] lj:t[t
d'b|fk|bfosf] jflif{s j[l4b/ !* k|ltzt x'g] k|If]k0f u/]sf] lyof] . @)&#
h]7 dlxgfdf lj:t[t d'b|fk|bfosf] jflif{s ljGb'ut j[l4b/ !( k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
14. rfn' cfly{s jif{df df}lb|s If]qaf6 k|jflxt x'g] s'n cfGtl/s shf{
@#=$ k|ltztn] j[l4 x'g] k|If]k0f /x]sf]] lyof] . jflif{s ljGb'ut cfwf/df
@)&# h]7 d;fGtdf o:tf] shf{sf] j[l4b/ !$=$ k|ltzt /x]]sf] 5 .
15. lghL If]qtkm{ k|jfx x'g] shf{sf]
j[l4b/ @) k|ltzt k|If]k0f ul/Psf]df @)&# h]7df ;f] shf{sf] jflif{s ljGb'ut
j[l4b/ @)=# k|ltzt /x]sf]] 5 . jflif{s ljGb''ut cfwf/df @)&# h]7df a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] lgIf]k !*=% k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 .
t/ntf
Joj:yfkg tyf Aofhb/
16. @)&@ ;fpgb]lv @)&# c;f/ @( ut];Dddf ljleGg v'nf ahf/
sf/f]af/ pks/0fx?dfkm{t\ o; a}+sn] ?= %** ca{ %( s/f]8 t/ntf k|zf]rg u/]sf] 5 .
17. @)&@ ;fpgb]lv @)&# c;f/ @$ ut];Dddf o; a}+sn] ljb]zL
ljlgdo ahf/af6 cd]l/sL 8n/ $ ca{ @^ s/f]8 v'b vl/b u/L ?= $%) ca{ %$ s/f]8
a/fa/sf] v'b t/ntf k|jfx u/]sf]] 5 . ;f]xL cjlwdf cd]l/sL 8n/ # ca{ $) s/f]8 /
o'/f] !# s/f]8 %) nfv laqmL u/L ?= #&^ ca{ # s/f]8 a/fa/sf] ef=?= vl/b
ul/Psf] 5 .
18. cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# sf] P3f/ dlxgfdf jfl0fHo a}+sx?n] ?=
*^@ ca{ !& s/f]8 / cGo ljQLo ;+:yfx¿n] ?= ($ ca{ &( s/f]8sf] cGt/–a}+s
sf/f]af/ u/]sf 5g\ .
19. @)&# h]7 d;fGtdf (! lbg] 6«]h/L lansf] efl/t cf};t Aofhb/ )=!@
k|ltzt / jfl0fHo a}sx?sf] efl/t cf};t cGt/ a}+s Aofhb/ )=#^ k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 .
g]kfn /fi6« a}+s C0fkqsf] clÍt Aofhb/ )=(* k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L, @)&#
h]7df jfl0fHo a}+sx?sf] cf};t Aofhb/ cGt/ %=)$ k|ltzt / cf};t cfwf/ Aofhb/
^=@& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
20. g]kfnsf] ;]o/ ahf/ kl/;"rs– g]K;]
;"rsfÍ @)&@ c;f/ d;fGtsf] (^!=@ ljGb'af6 @)&# c;f/ @( ut] !,^()=$
ljGb'df k'u]sf] 5 .
3
21. e"sDk tyf ;Ldf gfsf cj/f]w kl5sf] cj:yfdf a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfaf6 x'g] shf{ k|jfx g/f]lsof];\ / cfly{s ultljlw rnfodfg xf];\ eGg]
p2]Zon] o; a}+sn] ljljw lgofdsLo 5'6 lbPsf] lyof] . o; cGtu{t e"sDk
kLl8tx?nfO{ @ k|ltztsf] Aofhb/df shf{ pknAw u/fpgsf] nflu z"Go k|ltzt
Aofhb/df k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf lbg]], shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yfnfO{ ;xh agfpg], Ps
jif{;Ddsf] cjlw yk u/L shf{ k'g;{+/rgf jf k'gtf{lnsLs/0f ug{ ;Sg], Aofh–cfDbfgL
n]vfÍg ug]{ ;dofjlw yk ug]{, pBf]u, Jofkf/, lzIff, :jf:Yo, ko{6g / phf{ nufotsf
lgdf{0ffwLg kl/of]hgfdf shf{ e'QmfgL u|]; cjlw Ps jif{ yk ug]{ tyf cfoft
shf{sf] ;dofjlw !@) lbgaf6 a9fO{ !*) lbg k'¥ofpg] nufotsf ljifox? ;dfj]z ul/Psf
lyP .
22. e"sDk / ;Ldf gfsf cj/f]wsf sf/0f
cy{tGqdf k/]sf] c;/nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ub}{ cfly{s ultlzntf a9fpg g]kfn ;/sf/
dGqLkl/ifbaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] æcfly{s k'g?4f/ sf]if -:yfkgf / ;~rfng_ sfo{ljlw,
@)&@Æ cg'?k Aofh cg'bfg tyf k'g/shf{ ;'ljwfsf] Joj:yf sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf]
5 .
ljQLo
sfo{qmdx?sf] sfof{Gjog l:ylt
23. lgIf]k kl/rfng, ljQLo k|uf9tf, kx'Fr, ;r]tgf nufotsf ljQLo
;"rsx? ;'wf/f]Gd'v /x]sf 5g\ . ljQLo If]qsf] :yfloTj Pjd\ ;'b[9Ls/0fsf
nflu cufl8 a9fOPsf] sfg"gL ;'wf/, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] k'FhL j[l4
Pjd\ af;]n–# h:tf lgodgsf/L Joj:yfx? sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf /x]sf 5g\ .
24. @)&# h]7 d;fGtdf jfl0fHo a}+sx?sf] zfvf ;+Vof !*%!, ljsf;
a}+sx?sf] *$*, ljQ sDkgLx?sf] !() / n3'ljQ ;+:yfx?sf] !##) u/L s'n zfvf ;+Vof
$@!( k'u]sf] 5 .
25. tf]lsPsf s[lif Joj;fosf] nflu a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿af6 ^
k|ltztsf] ;x'lnot Aofhb/df shf{ pknAw u/fpg ePsf] Joj:yf cGt{ut @)&@ r}t
d;fGt;Dddf @#$@ hgf ls;fgx¿nfO{ ?= ! ca{ (( s/f]8 shf{ k|jfx ePsf] 5 .
26. tf]lsPsf pTkfbgd"ns If]qx? s[lif, pmhf{, ko{6g If]q / 3/]n'
tyf ;fgf pBf]udf k|jflxt shf{ s'n shf{sf] Go"gtd @) k|ltzt k'¥ofpg' kg]{
Joj:yf cGt{ut jfl0fHo a}+sx?n] @)&# h]7 d;fGt;Dddf !^=* k|ltzt shf{ nufgL
u/]sf 5g\ .
27. @)&# h]7 d;fGt;Dddf ?= ^ ca{ @@ s/f]8sf] ;fwf/0f k'g/shf{ tyf
?= ! ca{ #) s/f]8sf] lgof{t k'g/shf{ pkof]u ePsf] 5 .
28. ?= @ nfv;Ddsf] a}+s lgIf]knfO{ ;'/If0f ug]{ Joj:yf cg'?k @)&#
h]7 d;fGt;Dddf !%) a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] hDdf ?= #!* ca{ #^ s/f]8 lgIf]ksf]
;'/If0f ul/Psf] 5 . shf{ ;'/If0f Joj:yf cGt{ut s'n ?= @ ca{ (# s/f]8 shf{
;'/If0f ePsf] 5 .
29. @)&# h]7 d;fGt;Dddf (^ j6f Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?
Ps cfk;df ufleP/ #% j6f ;+:yf sfod ePsf 5g\ . To;}u/L, xfn;Dd ! jfl0fHo a}+sn]
@ ljQ sDkgL / ! ljsf; a}+sn] csf]{ ! ljsf; a}+snfO{ k|flKt u/]sf 5g\ .
30. a}++s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] r'Qmf k'FhL
@)&# h]7df ?= !^@ ca{ @^ s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . @)&@ c;f/ d;fGtdf oL
;+:yfx?sf] r'Qmf k'FhL ?= !$! ca{ ^) s/f]8 /x]sf] lyof] .
cfly{s
jif{ @)&#÷&$ sf] df}lb|s gLltsf] :j?k
df}lb|s
gLltsf] sfo{lbzf
31. /fli6«o Pjd\ cGt/f{li6«o cfly{s kl/b[Zo / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cfly{s
jif{ @)&#÷&$ sf] ah]6n] cjnDag u/]sf p2]Zo tyf k|fyldstf;Fu tfbfTDo
sfod ub}{ k|:t't df}lb|s gLltsf] sfo{lbzf to ul/Psf] 5 .
32. dfu kIfaf6 d'b|f:kmLltdf rfk kg{ glbg
df}lb|s of]ufÍx?nfO{ jfl~5t ;Ldfleq /fVg] u/L df}lb|s gLltsf] sfo{lbzf lgwf{/0f
ul/Psf] 5 .
34. ljk|]if0f cfk|jfxdf xfn b]lvPsf] 36\bf] j[l4b/ / cfoftdf cfpg ;Sg]
a9f]Q/Lsf sf/0f afXo If]q :yfloTjdf kg{ ;Sg] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ klg
df}lb|s gLltsf] sfo{lbzf to ubf{ Wofg lbOPsf] 5 .
35. 3/hUuf Pjd\ ;]o/ sf/f]af/ nufotsf If]qdf x'g] shf{ lj:tf/sf sf/0f
;du| ljQLo :yfloTjdf kg{ ;Sg] ;+efljt c;/k|lt ;hu /xFb} a9LeGbf a9L ljQLo ;fwg
s[lif, pmhf{, ko{6g, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u nufotsf pTkfbgzLn If]q Pjd\ ljkGg
ju{df k|jfx x'g] u/L df}lb|s gLltsf] sfo{lbzf to ul/Psf] 5 .
36. ljQLo ;fIf/tf / ljQLo kx'Fr lj:tf/sf
dfWodaf6 ljQLo ;dfj]zLs/0fdf hf]8 lbg]tkm{ ;d]t df}lb|s gLlt cled'v /x]sf] 5 .
cfly{s
tyf df}lb|s nIo
37. cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷&$ sf] ah]6df pNn]v eP adf]lhd pkef]Qmf
d'b|f:kmLlt b/nfO{ &=% k|ltztsf] ;Ldfleq /flvg]5 .
38. df}lb|s tyf afXo If]q Joj:yfkgdfkm{t\ sDtLdf * dlxgfsf] j:t' tyf
;]jfsf] cfoft wfGg kof{Kt x'g] ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rlt sfod /flvg]5 .
39. g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ah]6 jQmJodf plNnlvt ^=% k|ltztsf] cfly{s j[l4
xfl;n ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] u/L cfjZos t/ntfsf] Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 .
40. df}lb|s gLltsf] cGtl/d nIosf] ?kdf /x]sf] lj:t[t d'b|fk|bfosf]
j[l4b/nfO{ !& k|ltztdf ;Lldt ul/g]5 .
41. shf{ of]ufÍx?dWo] cfGtl/s shf{ lj:tf/
nIo @% k|ltzt sfod ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L, lghL If]qtkm{sf] shf{ @) k|ltztn] j[l4
x'g] k|If]k0f 5 .
df}lb|s
gLltsf] ;~rfng nIo tyf pks/0f
42. cNksfnLg Aofhb/df cfpg] ptf/ r9fjnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ub}{ Aofhb/
:yfloTj sfod ug]{ / df}lb|s Joj:yfkgnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f ug]{ p2]Zon] Aofhb/
sl/8f]/nfO{ qmdzM nfu" ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 .
43. b'O{ xKtf cjlwsf] ahf/df cfwfl/t k"j{ lgwf{l/t l/kf] /]6nfO{
gLltut b/sf] ?kdf lnOg]5 . v'nf ahf/ sf/f]af/ ;ldltn] b'O{ sfo{ lbg cufl8sf]
efl/t cf};t cGt/a}+s b/df @)) a]l;; KjfOG6 ykL l/kf] /]6 lgwf{/0f ug]{5 . ;f]
b/df tf]lsPsf sfp06/kf6L{x?nfO{ 3f]lift /sddf af]nsaf]n ug{ cfXjfg ul/g]5 .
44. ahf/df cfwfl/t k"j{ lgwf{l/t Aofhb/df b'O{xKt] lgIf]k ;+sng
af]nsaf]ndfk{mt\ t/ntf k|zf]rg ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g]5 . v'nf ahf/ sf/f]af/ ;ldltn]
b'O{ sfo{ lbg cufl8sf] efl/t cf};t cGt/a}+s b/df !) cfwf/ ljGb' -a]l;; KjfOG6_
n] 36fO{ lgIf]k ;+sng b/ lgwf{/0f ug]{5 . sfp06/kf6L{x?nfO{ /sddf af]nsaf]n ug{
cfXjfg ul/g]5 .
45. df}lb|s gLltsf p2]Zo / t/ntf cg'udg tyf k|If]k0f ;+/rgfn] lgwf{/0f
u/]sf] t/ntf kl/df0fnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ v'nf ahf/ sf/f]af/ ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f/
b'O{ xKtf cjlwsf] lgIf]k ;+sng af]nsaf]nsf] nflu cfXjfg ug]{5 .
46. Aofhb/ sl/8f]/sf] dflyNnf] ;Ldf (Upper bound) sf] sfd :yfoL t/ntf ;'ljwfsf] b/n] / tNnf] ;Ldf (Lower
bound) sf] sfd b'O{ xKtf cjlwsf] lgIf]k ;+sngsf] Aofhb/n] ug]{5 .
:yfoL t/ntf ;'ljwf sfp06/kf6L{x?nfO{ ;fljs adf]lhd lwtf]o'Qm % lbg;Ddsf] t/ntf
k|bfg ug]{ åf/sf] ?kdf /xg]5 . cGt/a}+s Aofhb/ / b'O{ xKtf cjlwsf] l/kf]b/
Aofhb/ sl/8f]/leq /xg] 5g\ .
47. ;f]e}m laqmL, vl/b, l/kf] / l/e;{
l/kf] af]n]saf]n h:tf v'nf ahf/ pks/0fx?sf] ;fljss} Joj:yf adf]lhd
cfjZostfg';f/ t/ntf Joj:yfkgsf nflu k|of]u ul/g]5 . To;}u/L, lgIf]k ;+sng
af]nsaf]n ax'Aofhb/df / g]kfn /fi6« a}+s C0fkq af]nsaf]n Psn Aofhb/df lgisfzg
ul/g] k2ltnfO{ oyfjt sfod ul/Psf] 5 .
5
49. clgjfo{ gub df}Hbft sfod ug]{ cjlwnfO{ ;fljs Ps xKtfaf6 b'O{ xKtf
ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf] df}Hbft b}lgs ?kdf &) k|ltzt sfod ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf]
5 . 7Ls b'O{ xKtf cufl8sf] Ps xKtfsf] cf};t :jb]zL lgIf]ksf] cfwf/df df}Hbft
cg'kft u0fgf ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 .
50. ljBdfg a}+sb/ tyf j}wflgs t/ntf cg'kft oyfjt\ sfod ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L,
ljBdfg ;fwf/0f tyf ljz]if k'g/shf{ b/x?nfO{ klg oyfjt sfod ul/Psf] 5 .
51. Jofj;flos s[lif kl/of]hgfsf] lwtf]df a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6
k|jfx ul/g] ?= !) nfv;Ddsf] kl/of]hgf shf{nfO{ ljkGg ju{ shf{df u0fgf ug]{
Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
52. s]/f nufotsf kmnkm'n v]tL, t/sf/L v]tL, kz'k+IfL Pjd\ dT:okfng
nufotsf Jofj;flos s[lif, hnljB't / tf]lsPsf cGo pTkfbgzLn If]qtk{msf] shf{df o;
a}+sn] k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] ;fwf/0f k'g/shf{ b/nfO{ $ k|ltztdf oyfjt sfod ul/Psf]
5 . ;fy}, cli6«r kfng, cn}+rL v]tL / df}/L kfng u/L lgof{t u/]df lgof{t
a/fa/sf] /sddf ljBdfg k|lqmof cg';f/ ! k|ltzt Aofhb/df ljz]if k'g/shf{ k|bfg
ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
53. jfl0fHo a}+sx?n] cfˆgf] s'n shf{sf] @) k|ltzt tf]lsPsf pTkfbgzLn
If]qdf k|jfx ug'{kg]{ Joj:yfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf] 5 . o;dWo] s[lif tyf pmhf{
If]qdf k|jfx ug'{kg]{ shf{sf] Go"gtd ;Ldf xfnsf] !@ k|ltztaf6 @)&$
c;f/ d;fGt;Dddf !% k|ltzt k'¥ofpg' kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
54. ko{6sLo ;+efjgf /x]sf t/ t'ngfTds ?kdf ljsf; x'g g;s]sf ko{6sLo
uGtJo kflye/f, dfOkf]v/L, xn];L, nfª6fª, :ju{åf/L, dflyNnf] d':tfª, u9LdfO{,
hgsk'/wfd, /f/f tyf vKt8 If]qdf ;'ljwf ;DkGg :t/Lo xf]6n :yfkgf ug{ ;fwf/0f
k'g/shf{ pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
55. jfl0fHo a}+sx?n] ljkGg ju{df nufgL ug'{kg]{ % k|ltztsf] shf{
cg'kftnfO{ oyfjt\ /fvL o; cGtu{t Go"gtd\ @ k|ltzt shf{ k|ToIf ?kdf nufgL
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy}, ljsf; a}+s / ljQ sDkgLx?n] nufgL ug'{kg]{
ljkGg ju{ shf{ cg'kftnfO{ oyfjt\ sfod /flvPsf] 5 .
56. df}lb|s gLltdf plNnlvt Joj:yfx?sf]
k|ultsf ;DaGwdf q}dfl;s ;dLIff ul/g]5 .
;dli6ut
ljj]szLn lgodg
57. o; a}+sn] ljQLo :yfloTj tyf pRr cfly{s j[l4b/ ;xhLs/0fsf nflu
pTkfbgzLn If]qdf shf{ lj:tf/ / d"No l:y/tf h:tf cfly{s p2]Zox? xfl;n ug{
df}lb|s gLltsf cltl/Qm ;dli6ut ljj]szLn lgodg nfu" ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
58. jfl0fHo a}+sx?n] ljj]szLn lgodg cGtu{t @)&# ;fpgb]lv af;]n–#
df cfwfl/t Go"gtd\ sdg OlSjl6 l6o/ ! k'FhL cg'kft $=% k|ltzt sfof{Gjogdf
Nofpg' kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L, k|fylds k'FhL cGtu{tsf cf}hf/x? u0fgf
ug]{ u/L s'n hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQsf] @=% k|ltzt ljGb'n] x'g] k'FhL Soflk6n
sGh/e];g akm/ sfod ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
59. ;dli6ut cfly{s r/x?df ePsf] ptf/ r9fj / cy{tGqsf] rqmLo k|efjsf]
sf/0f ljQLo If]qdf kg{ ;Sg] c;/nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{sf nflu s'n hf]lvd efl/t
;DklQsf] clwstd\ @=% k|ltzt ljGb';Ddsf] cltl/Qm sfpG6/ ;fOlSnsn akm/ (Counter
Cyclical Buffer) @)&$ c;f/ leq sfod ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf
ul/Psf] 5 .
60. /fli6«o :t/sf ljsf; a}+sx?df xfn /x]sf] ;dfgfGt/ k'FhL u0fgf ljlw
x6fO{ af;]n–@ k"0f{ ?kdf nfu" ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . ;fy}, /fli6«o
:t/sf ljQ sDkgLx?df ;d]t ;dfgfGt/ ?kdf af;]n–@ adf]lhd kF"hL u0fgf ug]{
Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
61. jfl0fHo a}+sx?n] @)&# ;fpgb]lv
nfu" x'g] u/L q}dfl;s ?kdf $ k|ltzt lne/]h cg'kft sfod ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf
ul/Psf] 5 .
6
63. z]o/sf] lwtf]df k|jfx x'g] dflh{g k|s[ltsf] shf{sf] ;'/If0f jfkt
;]o/sf] d"NofÍg ubf{ kl5Nnf] !*) lbgsf] clGtd d"Nosf] cf};t d"No
jf ;]o/sf] k|rlnt ahf/ d"NodWo] h'g sd x'G5 ;f]sf] a9Ldf %) k|ltzt /sd;Dd
dfq shf{ k|jfx ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
64. l/on :6]6 shf{ / To;sf] ;'/If0faLrsf] cg'kft -Pn6LeL /]l;of]_
xfnsf] ^) k|ltztaf6 a9Ldf %) k|ltzt sfod ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . cfjf;Lo
l/on :6]6 shf{sf] xsdf o:tf] cg'kft ^) k|ltzt;Dd /xg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
65. ?= %) s/f]8 jf ;f]eGbf a9Lsf]
ax'–a}lsË shf{ pkof]u ug]{ C0fLx?sf] shf{nfO{ ;xljQLos/0f shf{df kl/0ft
ug'{kg]{ ;Ldf j[l4 u/L ?= ! ca{ sfod ul/Psf] 5 .
cfly{s
jif{ @)&#÷&$ sf] ljQLo If]q sfo{qmd
ljQLo
If]q ;'wf/
66. g]kfnn] lj=;+= @)$@ b]lv k|f/De u/]sf] klxnf] r/0fsf] ljQLo If]q
;'wf/ sfo{qmdn] k|lt:kwf{sf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf u¥of] eg] lj=;+= @)%) sf] bzssf]
dWolt/ z'? ul/Psf] bf];|f] r/0fsf] sfo{qmd ;+:yfut ;'zf;g tyf ljQLo If]qsf]
;'b[9Ls/0fdf s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5 . klxnf] / bf];|f] r/0fsf] ljQLo If]q ;'wf/
sfo{qmdsf pknlAwx?nfO{ hu]gf{ ub}{ kl/jlt{t cfly{s ;+/rgf;Fu tfnd]n vfg]
;dfj]zL ljQLo ;+/rgf lgdf{0fdf t];|f] r/0fsf] ljQLo If]q ;'wf/ sfo{qmd s]lGb|t
ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
67. ljQLo If]q ljsf; /0fgLlt :jLs[t
ePkZrft\ pQm /0fgLltdf plNnlvt sfo{qmdx? r/0fj¢ ?kdf sfof{Gjog ub}{ nlug]5 .
lgodg
tyf ;'kl/j]If0f
68. a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] dxfgu/kflnsf tyf pk–dxfgu/kflnsf If]qleq
/ gu/kflnsfsf ;b/d'sfd afx]ssf :yfgx?df zfvf vf]Ng o; a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt
lng' gkg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
69. k"jf{wf/sf If]qdf nufgL ug{ lghL If]q ;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+s :yfkgf ug{] sfo{ cufl8 a9fOg] 5 .
70. ;du| a}+lsË k|0ffnLsf] ;+:yfut ;'zf;g Pjd\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf]
u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu cGt/f{li6«o c;n cEof; ;d]6L a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;~rfnsx?nfO{ cled'vLs/0f ug{
æ;~rfns lzIff sfo{qmdÆ ;~rfng ul/g]5 .
71. ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf a}+s vftfdfkm{t\ pknAw u/fpg tyf ;a} g]kfnLsf]
a}+s vftf cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
72. a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;+:yfut pQ/bfloTj ;DaGwL sfo{df cfˆgf]
d'gfkmfsf] sDtLdf ! k|ltzt /sd 5'§\ofpg' kg]{ tyf s'n sd{rf/L vr{sf]
Go"gtd # k|ltzt /sd tflnd tyf j[lQ ljsf;df vr{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
73. gub sf/f]af/af6 x'g] hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0f ug{ ?= %) nfveGbf a9Lsf] sf/f]af/ clgjfo{ ?kdf r]sdfkm{t\
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf]df pQm ;LdfnfO{ 36fO{ ?= #) nfv sfod ul/Psf] 5 .
n3'ljQ
tyf ljQLo ;fIf/tf
74. n3'ljQ ;+:yfx?n] shf{ nufgL ubf{ u|fxs;Fu lng] Aofhb/ ;DalGwt
;+:yfsf] sf]ifsf] nfut (Cost of fund) df a9Ldf & k|ltzt :k|]8
sfod u/L Aofhb/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ Joj:Yff ldnfOg]5 .
75. ;+3Lo ;+/rgf tyf O–DoflkËsf] cWoog
k|ltj]bg ;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L n3'ljQ ;+:yfx?sf] ljQLo kx'Frsf] cj:yf, :t/ j[l4,
dh{/÷k|flKt tyf ;+rfng ;DaGwdf cWoog u/L cfjZos gLltut Joj:yf ul/g]5 . o:tf]
Joj:yf geP;Ddsf nflu n3'ljQ ;+:yf :yfkgf Pjd\ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkqsf]
7
76. /fli6«o :t/sf] yf]s shf{ k|bfg ug]{ n3'ljQ ;+:yfx?n] @)&% c;f/
d;fGt;Dd Go"gtd\ r'Qmf k"FhL ?= ^) s/f]8 sfod ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf]
5 .
77. n3'ljQ ;+:yfx?af6 k|jfx x'g] ljBdfg shf{ ;Ldf j[l4 ul/Psf] 5 .
78. hg;fwf/0fnfO{ ljQLo ;]jfsf] pkof]u
ug{sf nflu k|f]T;fxg ug{, ljQLo ;]jfsf u|fxsx?sf] lxt ;+/If0f ug{ tyf ljQLo
;dfj]zLs/0f a9fpg g]kfn ;/sf/af6 /fli6«o ljQLo ;fIf/tf gLlt :jLs[t ePkZrft\ ;f]
cg';f/sf] sfo{ cufl8 a9fO{g]5 .
ljb]zL
ljlgdo Joj:yfkg
79. ef/t afx]s t];|f] d'n'sx?af6 8«fˆ6–6L=6L=sf] dfWodaf6 j:t' cfoft
ubf{ Ps k6sdf a9Ldf cd]l/sL 8n/ $) xhf/ a/fa/;Ddsf] kl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'b|f
e'QmfgL lbg kfOg] Joj:yf /x]sf]df ;f] ;Ldfdf j[l4 u/L cd]l/sL 8n/ %) xhf/ sfod
ul/g]5 .
80. ef/taf6 kl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'b|f e'StfgL x'g] u/L ;ˆ6j]o/ vl/b
ug{'k/]df xfn Psk6sdf a9Ldf cd]l/sL 8n/ !) xhf/ ;Ldf /x]sf]df o;nfO{ j[l4 u/L
cd]l/sL 8n/ !% xhf/;Ddsf] ;km\6j]o/ Pn=;L=dfkm{t\ cfoft ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf ul/g]5
.
81. ljk|]if0f tyf dlgr]~h/ Joj;fodf ;+nUg ;+:yfx?n] sfod ug'{kg]{
r'Qmf k'FhL j[l4 ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
82. kl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'b|fdf vftf x'g] g]kfnLn] cfˆgf] vftfaf6 j:t' tyf
;]jf vl/b ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu jflif{s cd]l/sL 8n/ !% xhf/;Dd e'QmfgL lbg;Sg]
Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
83. kl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'b|fsf] dfunfO{ b[li6ut u/L vl/bb/ dfq pNn]v x'g]
ljb]zL d'b|fx?sf] vl/bb/ / laqmLb/ b'a} tf]sL laqmL ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
84. >d :jLs[lt lnO{ sfo{ ul//x]sf
ljb]zL gful/sx?n] kl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'b|fdf t];|f] d'n'sdf kfl/>lds k7fpg' kbf{
tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] sfuhft lnO{ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] /sd a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6
;f]em} e'QmfgL ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
cGTodf,
85. rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] kl5Nnf] ;dodf cfly{s ultljlwdf cfPsf]
;'wf/;Fu} cfufdL lbgdf cy{tGqn] ult lng] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . cy{tGqsf] k'g?Tyfg
Pjd\ k'glg{df{0fdf s]lGb|t ;/sf/L ah]6sf] sfof{Gjogaf6 d"Nodf bafa kg{
glbg] u/L df}lb|s Joj:yfkgdf ;Gt'ng ldnfpg' kg]{ r'gf}tL ylkPsf] 5 . To;}u/L,
ljk|]if0f cfk|jfxdf cfpg ;Sg] ptf/–r9faaf6 ljQLo tyf afXo If]qdf kg{ ;Sg]
hf]lvdnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;fjwfgLk"j{s df}lb|s Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ cj:yf
5 .
86. kl5Nnf] ;dodf shf{ nufgLsf] jftfj/0fdf ;'wf/ x'Fb} uPsf]
kl/k|]Iodf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ah]6;Fu ;Gt'ng ldnfO{ th'{df ul/Psf] cfly{s jif{
@)&#÷&$ sf] df}lb|s gLltsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 ;dli6ut cfly{s :yfloTj sfod
ug{ tyf nlIft cfly{s j[l4 xfl;n ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .
87. k|:t't df}lb|s gLlt th'{dfsf] qmddf
;xof]u k'¥ofpg] g]kfn ;/sf/sf lgsfox?, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?, ljleGg Jofj;flos
;+3–;+:yfx?, ljåt\ ju{, ;~rf/ dfWod nufot ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ wGojfb 1fkg
ub}{ of] df}lb|s gLltdf Joj:yf ul/Psf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;bfem} ;a}sf]
;xof]u k|fKt x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .
wGoafb Û
ldltM @)&# c;f/ #) ut]
this matter copy from Nepal rastra bank 2073 monetary policy
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